Copy files

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If you want to list the content of a directory you can use command ls.


File filename1 from directory unix was copied to the working directory.


The command mv is similar. It moves a file from one place to another .


File filename1 from directory unixwas moved to the working directory.




Show a file

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The command more shows the first part of a file, just as much as will fit on one screen.



Warning!
The command more sometimes doesn’t work. Then you can use pg or less. It has the same function.



First and last lines

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File /etc/passwd has got a lot of lines. If you would like to see only first ten lines you can use command head.


If you want to see other number of lines write head –n (number of lines) .


If you would like to see only last ten lines you can use command tail.





How many bytes, words and lines is in file

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If you would like to know how many bytes, words and lines is in the file you can use command wc.


If you use wc –l you will see only how many lines is in the file.





Sort contents of the file

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If you would like to sort contents of some file you can use the command sort.




Uniq lines in file

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If you want to see uniq line in files use command uniq


The command uniq show only lines which don’t repeat.

Warning!!
The file should be sort at first. .



Cut fields of each line of a file

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If you would like to cut some fields of each line of a file you can use command cut -f (number of fields which should stay).

owi@laptop:~$ cut -f1 filename

You will see only the firs field of line of a file. Sometimes the fields are separated with another symbol for example “:” like in file /etc/passwd. Then you must add –d”:”.

owi@laptop:~$ cut -f1 -d":" /etc/passwd

You can print more then one field but you must separate it with “,”.

owi@laptop:~$ cut -f1,3 -d":" /etc/passwd

Paste files

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If you would like to paste two files you can use command paste. You can of course paste more then two files but then you must separate their names with “,”.

owi@laptop:~$ paste file1 file2

Compare files

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To compare two files you can use command cmp then write the name of the files witch should be compare.

owi@laptop:~$ cmp file1 file2

If there will be some differences there will be shown the number of fields . If the files will be the same there will be nothing.


We can compare files with command diff too.

owi@laptop:~$ diff file1 file2

If there won’t be differences there will be shown the number of fields . If there will be some differences there will be nothing.